LeOPaRd: Towards Practical Post-Quantum Oblivious PRFs via Interactive Lattice Problems

Abstract

In this work, we introduce a more efficient post-quantum oblivious PRF (OPRF) design, called LeOPaRd. Our proposal is round-optimal and supports verifiability and partial obliviousness, all of which are important for practical applications. The main technical novelty of our work is a new method for computing samples of MLWE (module learning with errors) in a two-party setting. To do this, we introduce a new family of interactive lattice problems, called interactive MLWE and rounding with re-use (iMLWER-RU). We rigorously study the hardness of iMLWER-RU and reduce it (under some natural idealized setting) to a more standard MLWE-like problem where the adversary is additionally given access to a randomized MLWE PRF oracle. We believe iMLWER-RU can be of independent interest for other interactive protocols. LeOPaRd exploits this new iMLWER-RU assumption to realize a lattice-based OPRF design without relying on heavy machinery such as noise flooding and fully homomorphic encryption used in earlier works. LeOPaRd can feature around 136 KB total communication, compared to 300+ KB in earlier works. We also identify gaps in some existing constructions and models, and propose appropriate fixes.